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Cairo and Giza

Saqqara, Memphis and Dahshur

Egypt's first great pyramid, its ancient capital and the pyramids that show how the form was perfected, a quiet day south of Cairo.

Why it matters

Before Giza came experimentation. Saqqara’s Step Pyramid, built for King Djoser around 4,700 years ago and credited to his architect Imhotep, is the first monumental stone building of its scale in Egypt. Further south, Dahshur’s pyramids show the builders refining the true pyramid shape.

What to see

  • The Step Pyramid complex. Walk the colonnaded entrance and courtyards around the pyramid.
  • The tombs of Saqqara. Nobles’ tombs with finely carved and painted reliefs of daily life. Which ones are open varies, so your guide checks in advance.
  • Memphis. The ancient capital is now an open-air museum, with a large fallen statue of Ramesses II as the highlight.
  • Dahshur. The Bent Pyramid, whose angle changes partway up, and the Red Pyramid, an early true pyramid you can usually enter.

Planning notes

  • Dahshur is far less crowded than Giza. It suits travellers who want space and silence.
  • Distances are long and the sites are spread out. A private driver and guide are very worthwhile.
  • Bring water and sun protection; there is little shade.

How we plan it

This is the day we recommend to travellers who have already done Giza and want to understand how it came about.